Art & Culture 艺术与文化

Malaysia has a wide variety of colourful cultures and customs due to its multi-racial composition. The Malays, Chinese, Indians and other indigenous groups retain and nurture their respective customs, traditions and religions, making Malaysia a potpourri of cultures.

As a multi-racial and multi-cultural country, Malaysia offers a kaleidoscope of colourful events, customs and religions. Traditional dances and musicals are often performed on festive and special occasions.

To enable tourists to have a better understanding about Malaysia’s customs and culture, tourist centres that have been established in all the states around Malaysia hold activities throughout the year. These activities help tourists to appreciate and experience themselves the culture of Malaysia.

马来西亚各民族都继承了多姿多彩的文化，且各具特色。各个族群都努力将许多传统的艺术和文化保存下来，其中传统的舞蹈和音乐演奏，都会在各大节庆时呈现予大众。为了让游客可以深切感受到马来西亚的风俗及民情，旅游局每年都会分别在各州属举办各种文化活动，让游客有机会观赏及了解属于马来西亚别具一格的文化精髓。

Songket 宋吉

Songket or silk brocade is a hand-woven traditional Malay fabric with gold and silver threads and worn mainly during official functions and ceremonies. Woven on a Malay frame loom, elaborate patterns are created by introducing extra gold or silver weft threads with the use of a flat needle.

宋吉布是一种马来手绣传统缝织品，将金和银螺纹缝织在布上并于主要官方职责和仪式期间佩戴。马来人使用马来框架织布机来缝织宋吉，精心制作的样式，由额外的金或银线穿线引线以对平的针或古巴来缝织。

The Shadow Play 皮影戏

Wayang kulit or shadow play is an old cultural entertainment using shadows cast by intricately carved puppets in relaying mythical parables of good versus evil. The shadow play has been popular in many oriental and Middle Eastern countries for more than a thousand years. In Malaysia, it is prominent in the state of Kelantan.

皮影戏是一种古老传统的文化娱乐，只使用阴影塑像，透过被雕刻精致的木偶传递神话寓言，通常内容都是善良对抗邪恶。皮影戏已在许多东方国家和中东国家里拥有超过一千年的历史。在马来西亚，普遍上可在吉兰丹看到。

Batik 巴迪

Batik printing has its roots in the East Coast where batik makers practice the age-old traditions of batik painting by hand. Batik is created by four methods, namely block- printing, drawn free style, silkscreened, or tie-dyed. Batik fabrics are usually cotton and silk. Batik can be found as cloths, cushion covers, tablecloths, place mats or simply as works of art. Batik sarongs are usually a novelty with tourists.

巴迪（蜡染布）的手工艺源自于马来西亚东海岸的州属。巴迪布分为四种不同的制作方法：即方块打印、自由地画出格式、绢印、或栓洗染。巴迪布的布料通常是以棉
质和丝绸为主。巴迪布可用作为布料、坐垫盖子、桌布、地毯或简单地作为艺术作品，而巴迪沙笼则最吸引游客的目光。

Top Spinning 陀螺

Gasing or top spinning is a favourite traditional games in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia especially Kelantan and Terengganu. To play gasing, you need strength, coordination, and skill. The gasing, if expertly hurled, can spin for as long as 2 hours.

陀螺是马来半岛东海岸，特别是吉兰丹与登嘉楼广受喜爱的休闲游戏。玩陀螺需要力量、协调与技巧，方能令陀螺旋转在地。某些高手则可把玩陀螺旋转长达 2 个小时之久呢！

Bunga Malai 花圈装饰

Flowers form an integral part of the cultural heritage of Malaysian Indians for religious occasions, weddings, moving house, or welcoming an important guest. Flowers, holy basil, and the leaves of the margosa or mango tree are strung together to form a malai or garland. They are done in different styles to suit each particular occasion.

花朵对于马来西亚的印度人来说是传统文化里重要的一环，在各种重要的庆典如：宗教仪式、婚礼、迁居、迎宾等场合里，处处都能见到用花朵制成的装饰品。花朵如纯洁的罗勒、马戈莎或芒果叶等被束在一起组成花圈。花圈的样式随着场合或不同的用处而有所变化。

Wau 风筝

Majestic bird of the air, the kite or wau is an icon famous throughout the country of Kelantan and Terengganu. This unique designed Malayan kite is called “Wau” because the shape of its wing is similar to an Arabic letter (pronounced “wow”).

神奇的空中之鸟，风筝是吉兰丹和登嘉楼州的艺术特征。这拥有独特设计的马来亚风筝马来语称为“Wau”，因为它的双翼形状不折不扣地与阿拉伯字母(发音“哇”)相似 。

Woodcarvings 木雕

Delicate curlicues, paisley designed, floral motifs and strong bright colours can be found on the prows of the local boats, the doors, walls and windows of traditional Malay houses. Woodcarvings require a high degree of skill, patience and determination. In the cities, woodcarvings are still practiced on blocks of wood to be hung for wall decoration, on wall dividers, or on furniture.

精美、优雅的佩兹利图案，以花卉为主题的雕刻通常都可在小船、门、传统马来房子的墙壁和窗口看到。木雕要求高度技巧、耐心和决心。在城市里，木雕仍然被刻在垂悬木块上、墙壁分界上或家具上作为装饰。

Keris 马来短剑

The keris, with its elaborately carved handle and wavy blade is a unique icon in Malay cultural history. The degree of elaborate designs dictated the status in old Malay hierarchy. It has evolved from a royal weapon of choice to a status symbol in Malay history.

马来短剑拥有精心雕刻的手柄和波浪形的刀片，是马来文化历史上的独特像征。不同程度精心制作的设计代表了古老马来阶层的不同阶级的分别。如今，它已从皇家武器演变成马来历史上不可或缺的象征。

Dragon Dance 舞龙

The dragon dance was started by the Chinese who had shown great belief and respect towards the dragon. It is an important item of the Chinese culture and tradition. It symbolises good luck and prosperity in the year to come for all human beings on earth. Dragon dance is a teamwork comprising over 68 persons and each section of the dragon must have at least 4 persons to take charge. The successful movements of the dance depend highly on the co-operation of every performer in the team and strict discipline. The dragon dance is a grand performance which usually attracts lots of spectators.

舞龙对信仰并尊崇“龙”的华族而言，是一项重要的文化传统活动。它象征着来年的好运与繁荣。舞龙的队伍多由 68 人组成，每节须有至少4人负责舞动，队员之间的团体精神以及纪律将是表演成败的要素。舞龙表演通常都吸引群众的围观。

Lion Dance 舞狮

The lion dance is a vigorous form of dance that is usually performed during Chinese New Year. The origins of the lion dance are linked closely to the origins of the Chinese New Year celebrations. It is said that in ancient times, a mythological creature known as Nian terrorised China and devoured its people on New Year’s Eve. Thus, in an attempt to frighten the beast, the villagers decided to mimic the lion by using lions made of cloth. The lion dance calls for perfect co-ordination, elegance and nerves of steel. The dance has also become a form of sports where dancers from all over the world compete to determine the best.

舞狮是一种多数在华人庆典中，如农历新年期间所呈现的传统表演艺术。它源于传说中，一只叫“年”的怪兽常在除夕夜出来危害人间，最后老百姓以炮竹及伪装的布狮子把它吓跑了，因此每年的农历新年人们都会舞狮以示庆祝。现今，舞狮已演变成一项需要高度配合、动作威武但高雅的运动。它已由民间活动提升为国际性的体育竞赛项目之一。

Sape 沙辟

The most typical of Sarawak musical instruments, the sape (pronounced “sa-peh”) is a traditional lute of the Orang Ulu community or “upriver people” of central Borneo. It is traditionally used by the Kenyahs, Kayans and Kelabit tribes. The sape was once played solely during healing ceremonies within the rumah panjang (longhouses), but gradually becomes a social instrument that is used as a form of entertainment.

沙辟是砂拉越最具代表性的乐器。它是婆罗州原住民的传统乐器，一般上为肯亚族、卡央族及克拉比族所使用。以往沙辟是在长屋内，在治疗仪式中被演奏，但后来渐渐演变为表演与娱乐的乐器。

Maggagong 铜锣

Brass or bronze gong ensembles form an inherent part of Sabah’s ethnic music. The melody varies from district to district. The Kadazan Dusun group includes six songs and a drum called the sopogogungan (Penampang) in their musical composition while the Bajau from Kota Belud add kulintangan, a set of kettle-bedded gongs.

这种沙巴的族群传统乐器由黄铜乐器或青铜乐器组合而成。铜锣组曲之乐章随着区域而有所不同。卡达山之杜顺族的铜锣组曲包含了六支曲子及一只叫做苏波勾谷甘的鼓，作为他们的音乐组合，而巴夭族则加入了古林唐干，一组铜锣。