Malaysia at A Glance

Background  背景

Malaysia comprises Peninsular Malaysia and the states of Sabah and Sarawak. It is a fascinating country with a vibrant multi-cultural population. Despite having such diverse races, cultures and religions, Malaysians live in perfect harmony.

Malaysia offers an infinite range of exciting tourism products throughout the year for visitors to explore and enjoy. The country is fortunate to have been endowed with many assets and attractions to suit the taste and preference of every visitor. Whether it’s the colourful multi-racial culture and delicious cuisines, the many exciting tourism destinations, ecotourism, historical heritage, million-year-old rainforests, beautiful beaches and islands or modern shopping centres – Malaysia has it all! These are complemented by its world-class hospitality services, modern infrastructures, and comfortable transportation system.

In brief, the Malaysian holiday experience is truly memorable and enjoyable.

马来西亚是由马来西亚半岛、沙巴和砂拉­越所组成。其多元种族、文化和信仰的特征，正显示出马来西亚的魅力所在。虽然各族拥有不同的文化背景，但大家却能和睦共处。

得天独厚的马来西亚，拥有非常丰富的旅游资源适合游客常年前来畅游和探索其中的奥妙。天赋的天然资源和具吸引力的名胜地，肯定能满足每一位游客的需求和爱好。无论是那多元种族色彩的人民、令人垂涎的美食、精彩的旅游胜地、生态旅游、文化历史遗产、亿年雨林、雪白沙滩、独特岛屿、甚至那高级及大型的购物中心，马来西亚都应有尽有！当然更少不了那具有国际水准的贵宾服务、先进的城市设施以及舒适的交通衔接系统，都是我国城市发展的成果。

马来西亚将会给游客带来许多美好的旅游乐趣和难忘的回忆。

Area 面积
329,758 sq km
约 329,758 平方公里

Capital City 首都
Kuala Lumpur (KL)
吉隆坡

Population 人口
27 million
约 2,700 万人

Climate 气候
Warm tropical climate with temperatures range from 21°C to 32°C and annual rainfall varies from 2,000mm to 2,500mm.
全年炎热潮湿，热带雨林气候，温度介于 21°C 至 32°C 之间。常年雨量平均为  2,000 至 2,500 毫米。

Geography  地理
Malaysia is located between 2 and 7 degrees north of the Equator. Peninsular Malaysia is separated from the states of Sabah and Sarawak by the South China Sea. To the north of Peninsular Malaysia is Thailand while Singapore is located in the south of Peninsular Malaysia. The states of Sabah and Sarawak are bordered by Kalimantan, Indonesia. Sarawak also shares a border with Brunei Darussalam.

马来西亚位于东南亚，赤道的北方2度延伸至7度的区域内。马来西亚半岛和东马的沙巴和砂拉­越被南中国海隔开。半岛北部与泰国接壤、西濒马六甲海峡、东临南中国海，而东马的沙巴和砂拉­越则与加里曼丹岛北部为邻。砂拉­越北部则与汶莱为邻。

History  历史
The history of Malaysia “started” in the early 15th century with the establishment of the Melaka Sultanate. Up until then, there were limited recorded or documented historical events of significance. Besides the local Malays and the native groups, immigrants from China, India, Indonesia and other parts of the world have all contributed to the multi-racial composition of its population. The country’s evolution into a cultural melting pot is evident in the unique blend of religions, traditions, languages, handicrafts, festivals and food.

Its cultural diversity can be largely attributed to the country’s long and on-going interaction with the world and colonial rule by the British, Portuguese and the Dutch. Malaysia achieved independence on 31 August 1957 as the Federation of Malaya. Malaysia was formed in 1963 with the entry of Sabah and Sarawak.

由于马来西亚在 15 世纪前一直都处于被分散割据的情况，加上记载当时的历史文件有限所以直至 15 世纪初的马六甲王朝的出现才有详细记载。当时的马六甲王朝统治了大部分马来半岛，并发展成当时的国际主要贸易中心。随着统治者时代的转变，除了本土的马来民族和原住民以外，这片土地也聚集了来自各地的移民，如华人、印度人、印尼人还有其他的少数民族，并形成了一个多元种族的社会。多元的特征也基于不同的文化风俗、信仰、语言、手工艺、节庆以及食物等，使马来西亚发展为一个民族色彩浓厚及团结的国家。

马来西亚能够拥有多元文化特征，主要是在 16 世纪起先后遭到葡萄牙、荷兰和英国的侵略而形成今日的多元种族社会。1957 年 8 月31日马来亚联邦从英国手中争取得独立。1963 年 9 月 16 日，马来亚联邦联合东马的沙巴、砂拉­越和新加坡组成马来西亚（新加坡于 1965 年 8 月9 日宣布独立退出此联邦）。

People 民族
The Malays consist of 54% of the population of Malaysia and they are the predominant group. The rest of the population is made up of the Chinese, Indians and other ethnic groups, which include the Baba and Nyonya of Melaka, Orang Asli, and the many indigenous groups in Sabah (such as the Kadazandusun, Rungus, Bajau, Murut) and Sarawak (such as the Iban, Bidayuh, Melanau, Kayan, Kelabit, Kenyah, Orang Ulu, Penan and Punan).

马来人占了人口总数的54%，也是马来西亚的主要族群。其他民族包括了华人、印度人、以及其他的少数民族，当中包括了马六甲的巴巴与娘惹、原住民及沙巴的各个族群（如卡达山杜顺族、伦古斯族、巴夭族、姆鲁族等）还有砂拉­越的族群（如伊班族、比达友族、马兰诺族、卡央族、克比族、肯亚族、乌鲁族、培南族和普南族）。

Language  语言
The national language is Bahasa Malaysia (Malay) but English is widely spoken. Malaysians also speak various languages and dialects, such as Mandarin, Cantonese, Hokkien and Tamil.

马来西亚的国语是马来语，英语也非常通用。其他日常沟通语言也包括了华语、粤语、福建话、客家话、淡米尔语等等。

Religion  宗教信仰
The official religion in Malaysia is Islam. However, other religions including Buddhism, Hinduism and Christianity are practiced freely.

伊斯兰教为国教，其他宗教则有佛教、兴都教和基督教等，这些信徒都能自由地信奉他们的宗教。

Political System  政治体制
Malaysia is formed by 13 states and three Federal Territories (Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan). The highest ruler of each state is the Sultan, the Raja, the Yang Di-Pertua or the State Governor. The ruler of the country is the Yang Di-Pertuan Agong (King), who is selected via a confidential election process carried out by the nine Sultans. He reigns for 5 years and his prince does not succeed him (to be the Yang Di-Pertuan Agong).

马来西亚是由 13 个州和 3 个联邦直辖区（吉隆坡、布城和纳闽）所组成。每一个州的最高统治者是由苏丹、拉惹或者是州元首管制。马来西亚的国家首脑称为最高元首，由一项闭门的统治者会议从 9 个州的苏丹中选举而推选出来的，并任期 5 年。

Economic Profile 经­济发展
Manufacturing constitutes the largest component of Malaysia’s economy. Tourism and primary commodities namely petroleum, palm oil and timber are major contributors to its economy.

制造业是目前马来西亚的主要经­济支柱。接下来是旅游业居二次，其他出口的­产品如：石油、棕油和木材都是为国家带来¾­济收入的丰富资源。